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 Shock is the physical stimulation that results when electric current passes through the body.
There are only two kinds of electrical shock; discomfort and death. The difference between the two may be only a few moments in time of the duration or a few milli –
amperes of current flow through vital organs.
The amount of current flow depends upon several factors, including voltage of the circuit, body resistance, duration of the contact, type of circuit and the pathway of current
through the body.
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 Loading the cargo tanks, Discharging of parcel cargoes, Discharging of homogeneous cargoes (parallel pumping), Cargo heating by deck mounted heaters, Stripping, Tank cleaning.
1.0 LOADING THE CARGO TANKS
Correct operation of pumps and valves is essential to avoid pressure surges in a cargo
pipeline system during loading. Pressure surges may cause severe damage to the pipeline, hoses, metal arms and cargo pumps. Pressure surges will be excessive if a valve is closed too quickly and especially where long pipelines and high fl ow rates are involved.
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 There are three main choices in technique for measurement of propeller roughness.
1. Stylus instruments in situ.
2. Stylus instruments following replication.
3. Comparators.
Stylus instruments are used in situ for the finishing of new propellers in the foundry. Compact instruments are available with digital readout, but the instrument is considered too delicate for routine dry-dock use.
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 Smooth propellers save money is the message ship operators are being told. But owners must be able to weigh the cost of propeller roughness against the expense and timing of maintenance schemes -- an equation requiring detailed understanding of blade roughness and its measurements.
EXTENSIVE STUDIES carried out by the British Ship Research Association (BSRA) have shown that a power loss of up to 6% can result from a roughened propeller.
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 There has been a recent increase in number of incidents involving pollution from the Inert Gas Scrubber overboard discharge. The purpose of this Safety Alert Bulletin is to highlight this trend to all tanker operators especially those who are, may be, or aspire to be engaged in ExxonMobil affiliate business. It is hoped that this bulletin will cause such operators to review their internal procedures / guidelines for operations relating to Boilers and the Inert Gas Generator / System, including inspection and maintenance of machinery and equipment.
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