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 Remember 4th grade science class?
Yeah, the one where you did that experiment with litmus, the paper that turned red when you put it on a lemon and blue in soapy water.
The indicator for acidity or alkalinity, or basic, is known as the pH value. A pH value of 7 means a substance is neutral. The lower value indicates acidity, and a higher value is a sign of alkalinity. To display the range in pH, take a look at these examples:
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 The T2 tanker design was based on that of several commercial tankers built by Bethlehem Steel in 1939.
As the United States was gearing up to be the industrial engine for the Allied Powers in 1940, the US Maritime Commission finalized the design for its National Defense Tanker or T2.
It was envisioned as a civilian tanker that could be easily converted for use as a fleet auxiliary.
For companies that agreed to build tankers to the T2 design, the Maritime Commission paid a subsidy to cover the excess cost of naval features beyond normal commercial standards.
Infomarine On-Line Technical Library
| File | Description | File size |
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 t2-tankers_history.pdf | The T2 tanker design was based on that of several commercial tankers built by Bethlehem Steel in 1939 | 517 Kb |
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 The Nautical Calculators can be used to solve many of the equations and conversions typically
associated with marine navigation. Use the Options Menu above to select a category of Nautical Calculator.
Infomarine On-Line Technical Library
| File | Description | File size |
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 calculators.zip | Each calculator page is a self-contained JavaScript program that can be downloaded and used off-line. | 48 Kb |
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 When chartering an asset so valuable and with so many risk exposures as a vessel — whether a 15-ft RIB or a 4,000 HP tractor tug, put the agreement in writing. While I have previously written in this magazine about how maritime contracts can be enforceable under admiralty law (see “Marine Contracts: Do I Have to Put it in Writing?” MarineNews, June 2008), it is far preferable to put the terms in writing. Some terminology: A contract to lease a vessel is a “charter party,” or for short a “charter.” While I cannot cover all the terms a vessel charter should include, I highlight below some indispensable ones. First, though, a warning about forms.
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